![]() Typically, the data that is most readily available for use is not in a state in which it can be used easily. A variable can be referred to as a column, field, property, characteristic, quality, and, confusingly, measurement. Other names for an observation in raw data include: row, case, response, unit of analysis, unit, record, and measurement. Other names for observations and variables The most common format is a CSV data file, but there are many other file formats. Consequently, it is typically obtained by extracting a data file which is explicitly created to be in this format. ![]() Obtaining raw dataĪlthough it is typically required for data analysis, it is not a space-efficient format, nor is it an efficient format for data entry, so it is rare that data is stored in this format for purposes other than data analysis. Most data analysis and machine learning techniques require data to be in this raw data format. Typically, raw data tables are much larger than this, with more observations and more variables. In the table below, each row (observation) represents a business customer of a telecommunications company, and the columns (variables) represent each company’s: industry, the value that the company represents to the owner of the data, and number of employees. Sometimes raw data refers to data that has not yet been processed. Data in this format is sometimes referred to as tidy data, flat data, primary data, atomic data, and unit record data. Raw data typically refers to tables of data where each row contains an observation and each column represents a variable that describes some property of each observation.
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